{
  "about": "A living tracker of US car wash M&A and private-equity ownership, compiled by WashIndex from public transaction records and annotated with per-location operating-quality data. Deals from January 2024 forward; ownership current as of the generated date.",
  "disclaimer": "Compiled from public transaction records; deal terms are as reported and site counts are approximate. Operating-quality figures are WashIndex's independent, review-derived estimates, not the parties' figures.",
  "sources": [
    "Car Wash Advisory transaction index",
    "carwash.com (Professional Carwashing & Detailing)",
    "PR Newswire / GlobeNewswire / BusinessWire",
    "Company press releases and WashIndex research"
  ],
  "endpoints": {
    "self": "https://washindex.com/api/ma-tracker.json",
    "human": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-ma-tracker",
    "apiRoot": "https://washindex.com/api/index.json"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-07-13",
  "dealCount": 36,
  "ownerCount": 15,
  "deals": [
    {
      "date": "2026-06",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "WhiteWater Express Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Freeman Spogli & Co",
      "seller": "Sparkle Express Car Wash",
      "units": 9,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "GA",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Georgia tuck-in for the Freeman Spogli-backed platform."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "WhiteWater Express Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Freeman Spogli & Co",
      "seller": "Aqua Super Express Car Wash",
      "units": 1,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "TX",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.com/whitewater-express-car-wash-acquires-aqua-super-express/",
      "note": "Greater-Houston site; WhiteWater passes 70 Texas locations."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Quick Quack Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Seidler Equity Partners / KKR",
      "seller": "Suds Brothers Express Car Wash",
      "units": 1,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "CA",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.com/quick-quack-acquires-suds-brothers/",
      "note": "Redlands, CA."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-05",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "El Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Canton Car Wash",
      "units": 6,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "MD",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.com/amplify-capital-group-advises-canton-car-wash-on-sale-to-el-car-wash/",
      "note": "Baltimore-metro entry; advised by Amplify Capital Group."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-05",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Splash Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "White Glove Car Wash",
      "units": 6,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "NJ",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "New Jersey portfolio."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-03",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Summit Wash Holdings",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "CJ's Car Wash",
      "units": 11,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "NJ",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.com/",
      "note": "11-site NJ express platform; Northeast density."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-03",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Splash Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Five Star Car Wash & Detail",
      "units": 1,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "NY",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.com/splash-car-wash-continues-long-island-acquisitions/",
      "note": "East Northport, Long Island."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-03",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "El Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Luv-A-Wash",
      "units": 1,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "FL",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Naples, SW Florida."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-02",
      "type": "take-private",
      "buyer": "Leonard Green & Partners",
      "sponsor": "Leonard Green & Partners",
      "seller": "Mister Car Wash (NYSE: MCW)",
      "units": 553,
      "valueUsd": 3100000000,
      "region": "National",
      "source": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/02/18/3240042/0/en/Mister-Car-Wash-to-Be-Taken-Private-by-Leonard-Green-Partners-for-7-00-Per-Share.html",
      "note": "$3.1B take-private at $7.00/share; closed May 2026. The category's largest deal."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-02",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Club Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "In & Out Car Wash",
      "units": 1,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "MO",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.com/club-car-wash-acquires-in-out-car-wash-location/",
      "note": "Joplin, MO."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-02",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Club Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Clean Getaway Express",
      "units": 2,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "IA",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.com/",
      "note": "Two Dubuque, IA tunnels rebranded to Club."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-01",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Links Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Rich's Car Wash",
      "units": 7,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "TX",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.com/links-car-wash-adds-12-locations/",
      "note": "Part of a 12-site DFW/Houston expansion."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-01",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Links Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Slappy's Express Car Wash",
      "units": 5,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "TX",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.com/links-car-wash-adds-12-locations/",
      "note": "Part of a 12-site DFW/Houston expansion."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-12",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "ClearWater Express Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "BlueWave Express Car Wash",
      "units": 53,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "TX",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "53-site Texas platform acquisition."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-11",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "WhiteWater Express Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Freeman Spogli & Co",
      "seller": "Time To Shine Car Wash",
      "units": 12,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "SC",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "South Carolina platform tuck-in."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-11",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Spotless Brands",
      "sponsor": "Access Holdings",
      "seller": "Pete's Express Car Wash",
      "units": 6,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "PA",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Philadelphia-area entry; funded by a $450M facility."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-10",
      "type": "tuck-in",
      "buyer": "Mister Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Leonard Green & Partners",
      "seller": "Whistle Express (Lubbock sites)",
      "units": 5,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "TX",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Five Lubbock stores bought from Whistle."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-10",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Jax Kar Wash",
      "sponsor": "TRP Capital",
      "seller": "Ace Auto Wash",
      "units": 5,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "MI",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Metro-Detroit tuck-in."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-10",
      "type": "tuck-in",
      "buyer": "Express Wash Concepts",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Zips Car Wash (Montgomery Rd)",
      "units": 1,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "OH",
      "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/express-wash-concepts-expands-greater-cincinnati-presence-with-acquisition-of-montgomery-road-zips-car-wash-location-302593884.html",
      "note": "Cincinnati; part of EWC's Zips-site pickups."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-09",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Tsunami Express Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Point72 Private Investments",
      "seller": "Whistle Express (53 sites)",
      "units": 53,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "IL/Midwest",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "53 sites divested by Whistle post-Take 5 integration."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-09",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Express Wash Concepts",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Royalton Car Wash",
      "units": 1,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "OH",
      "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/express-wash-concepts-expands-regional-leadership-with-royalton-car-wash-acquisition-302559147.html",
      "note": "North Royalton, OH; EWC reaches 124 sites."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-08",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Prestige Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Nice N' Clean Car Wash",
      "units": 15,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "MA",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "15-site Massachusetts platform."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-08",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Summit Wash Holdings",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "NJ Car Wash portfolio",
      "units": 10,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "NJ",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "New Jersey density build."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-06",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Alimentation Couche-Tard",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "WetGo Car Wash",
      "units": 47,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "VA",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "47 c-store car wash sites (Circle K parent)."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-06",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "El Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Johnny Clean Car Wash",
      "units": 5,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "FL",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Florida tuck-in."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-06",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Express Wash Concepts",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Cleanland Car Wash",
      "units": 1,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "OH",
      "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/express-wash-concepts-acquires-cleanland-car-wash-expands-clean-express-auto-wash-footprint-302470663.html",
      "note": "Macedonia, OH."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-05",
      "type": "tuck-in",
      "buyer": "Express Wash Concepts",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "Zips Car Wash (3 Cincinnati sites)",
      "units": 3,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "OH",
      "source": "https://www.expresswashconcepts.com/2025/05/28/express-wash-concepts-furthers-flying-ace-express-expansion-with-acquisition-of-three-zips-car-wash-locations/",
      "note": "Three former Zips sites for Flying Ace Express."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-02",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Whistle Express Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Oaktree Capital Management",
      "seller": "Take 5 Car Wash (US)",
      "units": 383,
      "valueUsd": 385000000,
      "region": "National",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "$385M; created the largest US express platform (~530 units). Sold by Driven Brands."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-02",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "El Car Wash",
      "sponsor": null,
      "seller": "ZIPS Car Wash (6 FL sites)",
      "units": 6,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "FL",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Six Florida sites divested by Zips post-restructuring."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-12",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Quick Quack Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Seidler Equity Partners / KKR",
      "seller": "Glint Car Wash",
      "units": 6,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "WA",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Washington-state tuck-in."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-11",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Spotless Brands",
      "sponsor": "Access Holdings",
      "seller": "Epic Shine Car Wash",
      "units": 8,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "ID",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Idaho tuck-in."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-11",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Spotless Brands",
      "sponsor": "Access Holdings",
      "seller": "BlueBird Express Car Wash",
      "units": 7,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "ID",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Idaho tuck-in."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-10",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Jax Kar Wash",
      "sponsor": "TRP Capital",
      "seller": "Clean View Auto Wash",
      "units": 10,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "MI",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Metro-Detroit expansion."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-07",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Whistle Express Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Oaktree Capital Management",
      "seller": "Fins Car Wash",
      "units": 15,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "NC",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "North Carolina platform tuck-in."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-06",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Mr. Magic Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Incline Equity Partners",
      "seller": "Coates Car Care",
      "units": 6,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "OH",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Ohio tuck-in."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-04",
      "type": "acquisition",
      "buyer": "Whistle Express Car Wash",
      "sponsor": "Oaktree Capital Management",
      "seller": "Rainforest Car Wash",
      "units": 5,
      "valueUsd": null,
      "region": "OH",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Ohio tuck-in."
    }
  ],
  "owners": [
    {
      "chainSlug": "mister-car-wash",
      "chain": "Mister Car Wash",
      "owner": "Leonard Green & Partners",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2026",
      "source": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/02/18/3240042/0/en/Mister-Car-Wash-to-Be-Taken-Private-by-Leonard-Green-Partners-for-7-00-Per-Share.html",
      "note": "Taken private for $3.1B in May 2026; LGP had held a stake since 2014.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/mister-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/mister-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 553,
        "statesServed": 25,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.113,
        "damageRate": 0.0434,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.115,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "take-5-car-wash",
      "chain": "Take 5 Car Wash",
      "owner": "Whistle Express Car Wash (Oaktree Capital)",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2025",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Driven Brands sold Take 5's US car wash business to Oaktree-backed Whistle Express for $385M (Apr 2025); sites are being rebranded.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/take-5-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/take-5-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 296,
        "statesServed": 17,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.559,
        "damageRate": 0.013,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.1679,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "whistle-express-car-wash",
      "chain": "Whistle Express Car Wash",
      "owner": "Oaktree Capital Management",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2023",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Oaktree-backed; acquired Take 5 Car Wash US in 2025 to become the largest US express platform (~530 units).",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/whistle-express-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/whistle-express-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 168,
        "statesServed": 11,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.648,
        "damageRate": 0.0144,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.1377,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "tidal-wave-auto-spa-car-wash",
      "chain": "Tidal Wave Auto Spa",
      "owner": "Golden Gate Capital",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2020",
      "source": "https://goldengatecap.com/company/tidal-wave/",
      "note": "Recapitalized by Golden Gate Capital in Dec 2020; founder Scott Blackstock stayed on.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/tidal-wave-auto-spa-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/tidal-wave-auto-spa-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 317,
        "statesServed": 32,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.559,
        "damageRate": 0.0222,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.1948,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "quick-quack-car-wash",
      "chain": "Quick Quack Car Wash",
      "owner": "Seidler Equity Partners / KKR",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2024",
      "source": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240611046579/en/Quick-Quack-Announces-Strategic-Investment-by-KKR",
      "note": "Longtime Seidler platform; KKR added an $850M minority investment in Jun 2024.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/quick-quack-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/quick-quack-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 339,
        "statesServed": 8,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.767,
        "damageRate": 0.0127,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.0761,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "whitewater-express-car-wash",
      "chain": "WhiteWater Express Car Wash",
      "owner": "Freeman Spogli & Co",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2021",
      "source": "https://www.freemanspogli.com/portfolio/whitewater-express/",
      "note": "Recapitalized by Freeman Spogli in Dec 2021.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/whitewater-express-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/whitewater-express-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 138,
        "statesServed": 7,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.8,
        "damageRate": 0.0072,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.0672,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "caliber-car-wash",
      "chain": "Caliber Car Wash",
      "owner": "Percheron Capital",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2021",
      "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/percheron-capital-to-acquire-caliber-car-wash-301446047.html",
      "note": "Majority acquired by Percheron Capital in Dec 2021.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/caliber-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/caliber-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 64,
        "statesServed": 7,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.751,
        "damageRate": 0.0156,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.13,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "cobblestone-car-wash",
      "chain": "Cobblestone Auto Spa",
      "owner": "Access Holdings (Spotless Brands)",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2020",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.org/car-wash-news/access-holdings-spotless-brands-announces-600-million-growth-capital-raise",
      "note": "Cobblestone anchors Access Holdings' Spotless Brands platform (with Flagship, Ultimate Shine, Okie Express).",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/cobblestone-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/cobblestone-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 114,
        "statesServed": 4,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.088,
        "damageRate": 0.0552,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.2193,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "luv-car-wash",
      "chain": "LUV Car Wash",
      "owner": "Susquehanna Private Capital",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2021",
      "source": "https://www.sgep.com/team/kyle-squillario",
      "note": "Co-founded by Susquehanna Private Capital in 2021; still acquiring.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/luv-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/luv-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 78,
        "statesServed": 5,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.661,
        "damageRate": 0.0112,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.0994,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "go-car-wash",
      "chain": "GO Car Wash",
      "owner": "Imperial Capital",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2019",
      "source": "https://theorg.com/org/go-car-wash",
      "note": "Launched by Toronto-based Imperial Capital in 2019; growth capital from Golub/RCL in 2023.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/go-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/go-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 156,
        "statesServed": 10,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.357,
        "damageRate": 0.0271,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.1537,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "super-star-car-wash",
      "chain": "Super Star Car Wash",
      "owner": "TSG Consumer Partners",
      "ownerType": "Private equity",
      "since": "2021",
      "source": "https://www.carwash.com/drb-selected-by-super-star-car-wash-for-118-sites/",
      "note": "TSG Consumer majority since Nov 2021; grew 35 to 117+ sites in ~3 years.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/super-star-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/super-star-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 118,
        "statesServed": 5,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.611,
        "damageRate": 0.0174,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.1038,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "zips-car-wash",
      "chain": "Zips Car Wash",
      "owner": "Former term-loan lenders",
      "ownerType": "Post-restructuring",
      "since": "2025",
      "source": "https://www.zipscarwash.com/newsroom/zips-car-wash-announces-successful-emergence-from-financial-restructuring-and-appointment-of-industry-leader-pete-nani-as-chief-executive-officer",
      "note": "Emerged from Chapter 11 in Apr 2025, lender-owned after a ~$279M debt-for-equity swap; Atlantic Street Capital's equity was cancelled.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/zips-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/zips-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 210,
        "statesServed": 22,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.335,
        "damageRate": 0.0274,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.1838,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "tsunami-express-car-wash",
      "chain": "Tsunami Express Car Wash",
      "owner": "Point72 Private Investments",
      "ownerType": "Private equity / family office",
      "since": "2021",
      "source": "https://www.carwashadvisory.com/car-wash-acquisitions",
      "note": "Point72-backed roll-up; bought 53 Whistle sites in Sept 2025.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/tsunami-express-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/tsunami-express-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 72,
        "statesServed": 9,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.325,
        "damageRate": 0.0249,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.1962,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "club-car-wash",
      "chain": "Club Car Wash",
      "owner": "Bartels family (HPS / Sculptor debt)",
      "ownerType": "Founder-owned",
      "since": "founder",
      "source": "https://clubcarwash.com/about-us/",
      "note": "Founder-owned and rapidly expanding; growth financed with debt from HPS, Sculptor and others.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/club-car-wash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/club-car-wash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 268,
        "statesServed": 14,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.403,
        "damageRate": 0.0665,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.1375,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    },
    {
      "chainSlug": "modwash",
      "chain": "ModWash",
      "owner": "Hutton (developer family)",
      "ownerType": "Founder-owned",
      "since": "2020",
      "source": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/karenjeanhutton/",
      "note": "Owned by the Hutton real-estate development family; 120+ sites built since 2020.",
      "humanUrl": "https://washindex.com/car-wash-chains/modwash",
      "detailUrl": "https://washindex.com/api/chains/modwash.json",
      "operatingQuality": {
        "locationCount": 127,
        "statesServed": 12,
        "weightedAvgRating": 4.853,
        "damageRate": 0.0083,
        "membershipCancellationRate": 0.1245,
        "dominantFormat": "express_tunnel"
      }
    }
  ]
}